{"id":2845,"date":"2014-05-28T11:53:02","date_gmt":"2014-05-28T15:53:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.roadtrafficsigns.com\/blog\/?p=2845"},"modified":"2026-03-10T07:27:05","modified_gmt":"2026-03-10T11:27:05","slug":"zoning-remedy-car-dependent-towns","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.roadtrafficsigns.com/blog\/zoning-remedy-car-dependent-towns\/","title":{"rendered":"Is there a zoning remedy for car-dependent towns?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_2846\" style=\"width: 343px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.roadtrafficsigns.com/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/conway.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2846\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2846\" src=\"https:\/\/www.roadtrafficsigns.com/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/conway.jpg\" alt=\"conway, AR\" width=\"333\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.roadtrafficsigns.com/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/conway.jpg 333w, https:\/\/www.roadtrafficsigns.com/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/conway-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 333px) 100vw, 333px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-2846\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Strong Towns thinks towns like Conway, Arkansas (pictured) aren&#8217;t car-dependent by accident &#8211; they were designed to be that way. From <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/jshultz\/\">Jason Schultz<\/a>.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Towns are largely car-dependent because we design them that way, claims blogger Andrew Price with Smart Towns, a blog devoted to American town growth, in a recent <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.strongtowns.org\/journal\/2014\/5\/21\/car-dependent-by-design.html\">post<\/a>. Price analyzes the zoning system in Conway, Arkansas, as an example of Euclidean zoning and its role in creating car-dependent towns.<\/p>\n<p>What exactly is Euclidean zoning? Also known as single-use zoning, Euclidean zoning is the most common type of zoning in the U.S., and it segregates land use types into different categories: industrial, commercial, multi-family residential, single-family residential, and others. While it\u2019s familiar and long used, the system is criticized for its inflexibility in allowing organic growth.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">\u201cYou could argue that we live in a free market country. That all of our decisions are based on what people want &#8211; that Conway is sprawled because the people want the city to be sprawled, and that Conway is automobile dependent because people want to drive,\u201d argues Price. \u201cThat is a bunch of baloney.\u201d Instead, he writes, the town is sprawling because it was designed that way.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">If you look at its <\/span><a style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.andrewalexanderprice.com\/images\/blog32-1.jpg\">zoning map<\/a><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">, you\u2019ll see that Conway is neatly blocked off using Euclidean zoning, with every area (except for a few parts of downtown) designated for specific uses. In one specific neighborhood, viewed <\/span><a style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.andrewalexanderprice.com\/images\/blog33-1.jpg\">here<\/a><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">, Price argues that the predominance of single-family, detached residential properties, arranged along cul-de-sacs and disconnected streets, is one reason people tend to drive instead of walk; the streets are designed to serve, as the town&#8217;s ordinance says, &#8220;persons traveling by automobile.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">\u201cA common reason people drive is that distances are too far to walk,\u201d argues Price. \u201cThe other is that it is too dangerous.\u201d The town\u2019s design &#8212; with designated residential areas and designated retail areas, for example &#8212; means that there are few walkable destinations. The areas are so segregated that car travel is necessary. \u201cOnly very few people will ever live within walking distance of a destination so rarely would anyone in this neighborhood attempt to walk.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">Compounding the problem for pedestrians, the town&#8217;s retail areas are designed for drivers. \u201cIf everyone else drives there &#8211; why do you want to be the only one that walks?\u201d Price questions. These shopping areas are designated by the town\u2019s ordinance &#8220;to encourage the development of recognizable, attractive groupings of facilities to serve persons traveling by automobile.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">Price&#8217;s suggested solution to such sprawl is a maximum use-based zoning scheme, addressing the downfalls of Euclidean zoning, as he sees them, which are: 1) prevention of incremental growth; 2) siloed land uses that ignore market forces; and 3) micromanagement of the use of each parcel of land.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">An improved system, he argues, \u201c&#8230;would be one where uses and zones are sorted by their &#8216;annoyance level&#8217; &#8211; the higher the zone, the higher the &#8216;annoyance level.\u2019\u201d To use his example, a store might annoy a homeowner next door, but the store owner might not be annoyed by the home. \u201cBusinesses have a higher &#8216;annoyance level&#8217; than houses. By breaking down uses by how &#8216;annoying&#8217; they are, we can come up with a simple table of zones and uses,\u201d which can be viewed <\/span><a style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.andrewalexanderprice.com\/images\/blog33-5.jpg\">here<\/a><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">In the residential zone, the town would permit incremental development up to detached homes. Those who want to live in an entirely residential area, free of other development, Price says, would live in this zone. Neighborhood zones would include detached houses, schools, corner stores, and other developments \u201ctypically [found] in pre-war neighborhoods.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">Town zones would host medium-rise urban and auto-targeted development, \u201callowing the market to determine in which direction there is demand for.\u201d Lastly, business zones would function as the \u201curban core\u201d of medium and large cities, and industrial zones would permit development of all kinds.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">While the advantages of this system are clear &#8212; its allowance for incremental growth based on town residents&#8217; wishes and market demand, for example &#8212; it raises a number of questions. For one, how is the \u201cannoyance\u201d level determined? How are residents\u2019 interests balanced with those of small businesses, big businesses, and other would-be developers? Who determines what qualifies as a neighborhood corner store? Is there a legal way to exclude chain stores deemed \u201cannoying\u201d by residents?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">Price\u2019s zoning system is an interesting one, but it may also devolve into segregation of the kind he is trying to prevent. For example, store-free residential zones might prove to be the more desirable living areas, raising prices, creating isolation and further reliance on cars to get to the less desirable areas where big-box stores, and lower-income residences, are located. Concerns about safety in these less desirable areas would likely lead to increased auto use.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">While an ideal zoning system clearly does not exist, Price\u2019s maximum use alternative is compelling to consider. Significant questions as to its efficacy and equity for residents, and striking a balance between business and residential interests, however, remain to be addressed.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Towns are largely car-dependent because we design them that way, claims blogger Andrew Price with Smart Towns, a blog devoted to American town growth, in a recent post. Price analyzes the zoning system in Conway, Arkansas, as an example of Euclidean zoning and its role in creating car-dependent towns. What exactly is Euclidean zoning? Also [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,39],"tags":[388,43,118,461,460,459,386,458],"class_list":["post-2845","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-traffic-law","category-trends-2","tag-business","tag-design","tag-environment","tag-growth-and-sprawl","tag-multi-family-residential","tag-residential-area","tag-united-states","tag-zoning"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Is there a zoning remedy for car-dependent towns? - Traffic Sign Blog \u2013 RoadTrafficSigns.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Strong Towns argues forcefully that car dependency is a direct result of Euclidean zoning, but Katy Olsen doesn&#039;t think the solutions necessarily add up.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.roadtrafficsigns.com/blog\/zoning-remedy-car-dependent-towns\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Is there a zoning remedy for car-dependent towns? - Traffic Sign Blog \u2013 RoadTrafficSigns.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Strong Towns argues forcefully that car dependency is a direct result of Euclidean zoning, but Katy Olsen doesn&#039;t think the solutions necessarily add up.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.roadtrafficsigns.com/blog\/zoning-remedy-car-dependent-towns\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Traffic Sign Blog \u2013 RoadTrafficSigns.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/trafficsignsroadsigns\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-05-28T15:53:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-03-10T11:27:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.roadtrafficsigns.com/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/conway.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"333\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Katy B. 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